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These guidelines may not be appropriate for the immunocompromised child or a child with chronic
lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, neonatal chronic lung disease).
Pneumonia, bronchiolitis and asthma are all common illnesses that result in children presenting
with acute lower respiratory symptoms and signs. Antibiotics should be given to children with
bacterial pneumonia but not to children with bronchiolitis or asthma.
The New Zealand population has high rates of pneumonia, complicated pneumonia and long term
sequelae (eg bronchiectasis). Pneumonia is more common and more severe in younger children.
In Auckland the hospitalisation rate of those < 2 years is 11 times higher than those aged ≥ 4.
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