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For many young people today, traditional patterns guiding the relationships and transitions between family, school and work are being challenged. Social relations that
ensure a smooth process of socialization are collapsing; lifestyle trajectories are
becoming more varied and less predictable. The restructuring of the labour market,
the extension of the maturity gap (the period of dependence of young adults on the
family) and, arguably, the more limited opportunities to become an independent adult
are all changes influencing relationships with family and friends, educational opportunities and choices, labour market participation, leisure activities and lifestyles. It is not
only developed countries that are facing this situation; in developing countries as well
there are new pressures on young people undergoing the transition from childhood to
independence. Rapid population growth, the unavailability of housing and support
services, poverty, unemployment and underemployment among youth, the decline in
the authority of local communities, overcrowding in poor urban areas, the disintegration of the family, and ineffective educational systems are some of the pressures
young people must deal with.
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