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Kidney is a paired organ whose functions include removing waste products from the
blood and regulating the amount of fluid in the body. The basic units of the kidneys are
microscopically thin structures called nephrons, which filter the blood and cause wastes
to be removed in the form of urine. Together with the bladder, two ureters, and the single
urethra, the kidneys make up the body’s urinary system. Human beings, as well as
members of all other vertebrate species, typically have two kidneys.
Like kidney beans, the body’s kidneys are dark red in color and have a shape in which
one side is convex, or rounded, and the other is concave, or indented. The kidneys of
adult humans are about 10 to 13 cm (4 to 5 in) long and about 5 to 7.5 cm (2 to 3 in)
wide—about the size of a computer mouse.
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