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Book- SOFTWARE ENGINEERING- Download Free

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CONTENTS
HIGHLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1. BACKGROUND OF CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1. THE NATURE OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3. DESIGN AND PRODUCTION IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4. DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.1. Sources of techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.2. Need for hardware based on program structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.3. Relation to mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2. DESIGN CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.2.1. Genera design criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.2.2. User requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2.3. Reliability and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2.4. Logical completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3. DESIGN STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.1. Sequencing the design process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.2. Structuring the design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.3. Feedback through monitoring and simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3.4. High-level languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.4. COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5. PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.1.1. The problems of scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.1.2. The problems of reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.2 PRODUCTION — MANAGEMENT ASPECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.2.1. Production planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.2.2. Personnel factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2.3. Production control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.4. Internal communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6
5.3. PRODUCTION — TECHNICAL ASPECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3.1. Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
5.3.2. Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.3.3. Performance monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6. SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1.1. The virtue of realistic goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1.2. Initial system release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.1.3. Frequency of releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.1.4. Responsibility for modified systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2. REPLICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2.1. Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

6.2.2. Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.2.3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.3. SYSTEM EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3.1. Acceptance testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.3.2. Performance monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.4. FEEDBACK TO MANUFACTURERS FROM USERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.5. DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.6. REPROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
7. SPECIAL TOPICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.1. SOFTWARE: THE STATE OF THE ART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.1.2. Problem areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
7.1.3. The underlying causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
7.1.4. Possible solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
7.1.5. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.2. EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.3. SOFTWARE PRICING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
7.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
7.3.2. Arguments in favour of separate pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
7.3.3. Arguments against separate pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.3.4. Splitting software and hardware production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
7.3.4.1. The argument in favour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
7.3.4.2. The argument against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
7
8. INVITED ADDRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.1. KEYNOTE SPEECH by A.J. Perlis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.2. ‘MASS PRODUCED’ SOFTWARE COMPONENTS, by M.D. McIlroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.2.1. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
9. WORKING PAPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
R.W. Bemer, A.G. Fraser, A.E. Glennie, A. Opler, and H. Wiehle: Classification of
subject matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
R.W. Bemer: Checklist for planning software system production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
E.W. Dijkstra: Complexity controlled by hierarchical ordering of function and
variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
S. Gill: Thoughts on the sequence of writing software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
A.I. Llewelyn and R.F. Wickens: The testing of computer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
T.B. Pinkerton: Performance monitoring and systems evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
B. Randell: Towards a methodology of computing system design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
F. Selig: Documentation standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
A 1 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
A 2 Conference Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
A 3 Original list of topics that were to be discussed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
A 4 Addresses of welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
CONTRIBUTOR INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Eng Course- Introduction to Software Engineering (For Teachers and Students)- Download Free PDF

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What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such
as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular
customer or may be developed for a general market.
Software products may be
• Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different
customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.
• Custom - developed for a single customer according to their
specification.
New software can be created by developing new
programs, configuring generic software systems or
reusing existing software.

ES Curso- Desarrollo de Software (Para Maestros y Alumnos)- Descargar Gratis PDF

DESCARGAR CURSO
Resumen:
En este documento se presentan los problemas existentes entorno al desarrollo
de Software, se da una visión general de su evolución y perspectivas, y se
presenta la nueva tendencia orientada a objetos. El esquema de su desarrollo
esta compuesta de una forma analizada y establecida por profesionales para
que el entendimiento de esta sea mucho mas fácil.

ES Curso- Ingeniería de Software: Una Guía para Crear Sistemas de Información- Descargar Gratis PDF

DESCARGAR CURSO
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
INTRODUCCIÓN......................................................................................................................... 3
1. SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN ........................................................................................... 7
1.1 DEFINICIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN..................................................... 7
1.2    ELEMENTOS DE LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN ............................................... 7
1.3     EJEMPLOS DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN........................................................... 7
1.4 CLASIFICACIONES DE LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN ................................ 8
2. CICLO DE DESARROLLO .................................................................................................. 11
2.1 DESCRIPCIÓN............................................................................................................. 11
2.2 ETAPAS DE DESARROLLO....................................................................................... 11
3. ANALISIS ................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 OBJETIVO .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 ACTIVIDADES .................................................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 Planeación.................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.2 Determinación de Requerimientos............................................................................... 15
3.2.3    Definición de la Alternativa de Solución................................................................... 16
3.2.4 Descripción del Sistema Propuesto....................................................................... 16
3.2.5 Control.......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 TECNICAS.......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 De Recolección de Información ................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Técnicas para la Descripción de Flujos....................................................................... 22
3.3.3 Caso de Estudio. CBM ................................................................................................. 24
3.3.4 Técnicas para la Descripción de Procesos.................................................................. 28
3.3.5 Técnicas para el Análisis de Datos.............................................................................. 34
3.3.6 Probar Lógicamente la Estructura Lógica de Salida................................................... 43
4. DISEÑO.................................................................................................................................... 49
4.1 OBJETIVO .......................................................................................................................... 49
4.2 ACTIVIDADES .................................................................................................................. 49
4.3 TÉCNICAS.......................................................................................................................... 51
4.3.1 Para el diseño de salidas.............................................................................................. 51
4.3.2 Para la elaboración de modelos de datos. ................................................................... 53
4.3.3 Para el diseño de Entradas. ......................................................................................... 57
4.3.3 Para el Diseño de Procedimientos. .............................................................................. 60
5. PROGRAMACIÓN................................................................................................................. 73
5.1 OBJETIVO .......................................................................................................................... 73
5.2 ACTIVIDADES .................................................................................................................. 73
6. IMPLANTACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN................................................................................... 89
6.1 OBJETIVO .......................................................................................................................... 89
6.2 ACTIVIDADES .................................................................................................................. 89 6.3 TÉCNICAS.......................................................................................................................... 90
6.4 OPERACIÓN ...................................................................................................................... 91
6.5 RECOMENDACIONES EN LA OPERACIÓN.................................................................. 91
6.6 MANTENIMIENTO ........................................................................................................... 92
6.7 RECOMENDACIONES EN EL MANTENIMIENTO....................................................... 92
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................ 95
REFERENCIAS .......................................................................................................................... 99

Eng Course- Software Architecture & Design- Download Free PDF

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Contents:
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. TEAM ORGANIZATION 2
2.1 Role Description  2
2.2 Organization and Work Distribution 3
3. PROCESS DESCRIPTION 3
4. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 5
4.1 Functional Requirements 5
4.2 Non-Function Requirements 5
5. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN ALTERNATIVES 5
5.1 Shared Data Design  5
5.2 Abstract Data Type Design 7
5.3 Implicit Invocation Design 10
5.4 Pipes-and-Filters Design 13
6. TRADEOFF ANALYSIS 14
6.1 Shared Data  14
6.2 Abstract Data Type 15
6.3 Implicit Invocation  15
6.4 Pipe and Filter  16
6.5 Conclusion  17
7. APPENDIX (UML DESIGN) 18

Eng Course- Application of Software Development Aproaches- Download Free PDF

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Researchers have provided a number of different definitions, process models and
classificatory schemes for both prototypes and prototyping approaches over the past
two decades. Because there tends to be some confusion in the use of prototyping
terms, in this review we attempt to place prototyping in context and delineate
evolutionary prototyping approaches from other kinds development approaches that
may have prototypes and prototyping strategies embedded within them. We
consider what prototypes are, what the prototyping process is, and how software
development approaches adopt prototyping for exploration, experiment or evolution.
We provide a classification of the software development approaches that include
prototyping of some kind. Within this discussion we review experimental prototyping,
exploratory prototyping and evolutionary development.

Eng Course- An Introduction to the C Programming Language and Software Design- Download Free PDF

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Contents:
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Programming and Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 The C Programming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 A First Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Variants of Hello World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 A Numerical Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 Another Version of the Conversion Table Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.7 Organisation of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Types, Operators, and Expressions 8
2.1 Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4 Symbolic Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 printf Conversion Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6 Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.7 Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.8 Relational and Logical Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.9 Bitwise Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.10 Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.11 Type Conversions and Casts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Branching and Iteration 17
3.1 If-Else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 ?: Conditional Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3 Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4 While Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5 Do-While Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.6 For Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.7 Break and Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.8 Goto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4 Functions 25
4.1 Function Prototypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2 Function Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3 Benefits of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.4 Designing For Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ii4.5 Interface Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.6 The Standard Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5 Scope and Extent 33
5.1 Local Scope and Automatic Extent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.2 External Scope and Static Extent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.3 The static Storage Class Specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.4 Scope Resolution and Name Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.5 Summary of Scope and Extent Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.6 Header Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.7 Modular Programming: Multiple File Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6 Software Design 41
6.1 Requirements and Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.2 Program Flow and Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.3 Top-down and Bottom-up Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.4 Pseudocode Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.5 Case Study: A Tic-Tac-Toe Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.5.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.5.2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.5.3 Program Flow and Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.5.4 Bottom-Up Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.5.5 Top-Down Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.5.6 Benefits of Modular Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
7 Pointers 49
7.1 What is a Pointer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.2 Pointer Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.3 Pass By Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
7.4 Pointers and Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.5 Pointer Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.6 Return Values and Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.7 Pointers to Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.8 Function Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8 Arrays and Strings 59
8.1 Array Initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
8.2 Character Arrays and Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
8.3 Strings and the Standard Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8.4 Arrays of Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8.5 Multi-dimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9 Dynamic Memory 68
9.1 Different Memory Areas in C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.2 Standard Memory Allocation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.3 Dynamic Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
9.4 Example: Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9.5 Example: An Expandable Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
iii10 The C Preprocessor 79
10.1 File Inclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
10.2 Symbolic Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
10.3 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
10.3.1 Macro Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
10.3.2 More Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10.3.3 More Complex Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10.4 Conditional Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
11 Structures and Unions 86
11.1 Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
11.2 Operations on Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.3 Arrays of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
11.4 Self-Referential Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
11.5 Typedefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
11.6 Object-Oriented Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
11.7 Expandable Array Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
11.8 Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
12 Bitwise Operations 99
12.1 Binary Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
12.2 Bitwise Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
12.2.1 AND, OR, XOR, and NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
12.2.2 Right Shift and Left Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
12.2.3 Operator Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
12.3 Common Bitwise Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
12.4 Bit-fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
13 Input and Output 105
13.1 Formatted IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
13.1.1 Formatted Output: printf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
13.1.2 Formatted Input: scanf() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
13.1.3 String Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
13.2 File IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
13.2.1 Opening and Closing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
13.2.2 Standard IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
13.2.3 Sequential File Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
13.2.4 Random Access File Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
13.3 Command-Shell Redirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
13.4 Command-Line Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
14 Generic Programming 115
14.1 Basic Generic Design: Typedefs, Macros, and Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
14.1.1 Typedefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
14.1.2 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
14.1.3 Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
14.2 Advanced Generic Design: void * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
14.2.1 Case Study: Expandable Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
14.2.2 Type Specific Wrapper Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
14.2.3 Case Study: qsort() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
iv15 Data Structures 126
15.1 Efficiency and Time Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
15.2 Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
15.3 Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
15.4 Circular Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
15.5 Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
15.6 Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
15.7 Binary Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
15.8 Hash Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
16 C in the Real World 138
16.1 Further ISO C Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
16.2 Traditional C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
16.3 Make Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
16.4 Beyond the C Standard Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
16.5 Interfacing With Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
16.6 Mixed Language Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
16.7 Memory Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
16.8 Advanced Algorithms and Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
A Collected Style Rules and Common Errors 142
A.1 Style Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
A.2 Common Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
B The Compilation Process 143
Bibliography 144
Index 146

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
RUNNING CRIMSON™ .......................................................................1
System Requirements ......................................................................1
Installation ........................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1
System Overview .............................................................................1
Crimson Overview ............................................................................1
Downloading ................................................................................2
Module Calibration .......................................................................3
INSERTING MODULES .......................................................................4
CSPID – PID MODULE PROGRAMMING...........................................5
General ........................................................................................5
Control..........................................................................................8
Power.........................................................................................10
Alarms ........................................................................................12
Outputs.......................................................................................15
Auto-tuning.................................................................................17
Available Data............................................................................18
CSSG – STRAIN GAGE INPUT MODULE PROGRAMMING ..........23
General ......................................................................................23
Control........................................................................................26
Power.........................................................................................29
Alarms ........................................................................................31
Outputs.......................................................................................33
Auto-tuning.................................................................................35
Available Data............................................................................36
CSTC/RTD – INPUT MODULE PROGRAMMING.............................41
Configuration..............................................................................41
Available Data............................................................................42
CSINI/CSINV – INPUT MODULE PROGRAMMING .........................43
Configuration..............................................................................43
Available Data............................................................................44

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT’D)
CSDIO – DIGITAL MODULE PROGRAMMING ................................45
Configuration..............................................................................45
Available Data............................................................................50
CSMSTR – MASTER PROGRAMMING............................................51
Ethernet Port Configuration............................................................51
Port 2 Configuration .......................................................................51
Comms.......................................................................................51
Mapping Data .................................................................................53
Communications Blocks.............................................................53
Manually Mapping Data..................................................................55
Settings ......................................................................................55
Editing Blocks ............................................................................56
Strobed Data Requests ..................................................................57
Overview ....................................................................................57
Using Strobed Data Requests....................................................57
Available Data............................................................................59

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INDEX
SitePlayer Overview........................................ 1
SitePlayer Process for Creating a Project .................1
SitePlayer Data Flow....................................................1
1) Design and Create Definition File.............. 2
SitePlayer Definition File Example .............................2
Definition Section.........................................................4
$DHCP [on, off] default on..........................................4
$Devicename [name]..................................................5
$DownloadPassword [password] ...............................5
$Include [filename] .....................................................5
$InitialIP [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] ..........................................5
$Parse [extention1].....................................................5
$PostIRQ [on, off] default off ......................................6
$Sitefile [filename] ......................................................6
$Sitepath [path] ..........................................................6
Object Section ..............................................................6
DBIT [value] – Define Bit ............................................7
DB [value] – Define Byte or String..............................7
DHEX [value] – Define Byte .......................................7
DW [value] – Define Word (16 bits)............................7
DD [value] – Define Double (32 bits)..........................8
DS [value] – Define Space (1 to 255 bytes) ...............8
ORG [value] – Define Location of Objects .................8
Serial Port Output Object (defined in pcadef.inc)......8
Baud Rate Object (defined in pcadef.inc)..................8
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Object .....................9
HalfSec object 0FF1Fh.............................................10
ExitIf0 object modifier ...............................................10
UDPsend object 0FF1Eh..........................................10
$OutputOnly .............................................................10
$Bidirectional ............................................................10
Export Section............................................................11
$ExportFormatFile [filename] none .........................11
$ExportFile [outputfilename].....................................12
$ExportHeaderFile [headerfilename]........................12
$ExportFooterFile [footerfilename] ...........................12
$Export .....................................................................13
2) Create Web Page Files ............................. 13
SiteObjects in HTML ..................................................13
SiteObject Modifiers .................................................13
Selecting a Particular Digit of an Object ...............14
Performing Simple Math on an Object..................14
Selecting a Particular Bit of an Object ..................14
Avoiding Object Conflicts with Text ..........................14
SitePlayer Web Pages................................................15
SitePlayer Interface File ...........................................15
Creating the SitePlayer Interface File ...................15
Sending Data to SitePlayer from Links .................15
Sending Data to SitePlayer from Forms ...............16
3) Assemble and Download Binary File ...... 18
SiteLinker Operation..................................................18
Title Bar ....................................................................19
Menu Bar ..................................................................19
File Menu ..............................................................19
Download Menu ....................................................19
Configure Menu ....................................................19
Editor Menu...........................................................20
Browser Menu.......................................................20
Calculator Menu....................................................20
About Menu...........................................................20
Assembly Progress Window.....................................20
Progress Bar.............................................................20
Status Bar .................................................................20
4) Surf SitePlayer...........................................21
SitePlayerPC Operation.............................................21
Title Bar ....................................................................21
Menu Bar ..................................................................22
File Menu ..............................................................22
Browser Menu.......................................................22
Comm Menu..........................................................22
Reload Menu.........................................................22
About Menu...........................................................22
Status Displays.........................................................22
My Address: ..........................................................22
Last Visitor: ...........................................................22
Access Count: .......................................................22
Status Bar .................................................................22
Ethernet Connection..................................................23
5) Serial Transmitting and Receiving ..........23
Object Packets............................................................23
Serial Commands.......................................................23
SitePlayer Serial Commands................................24
NOP..........................................................................24
Reset ........................................................................24
Status........................................................................24
ComParams..............................................................24
Write or WriteX .........................................................25
Read or ReadX.........................................................25
UDPsend ..................................................................25
Reading, Writing, and Toggling Bit Variables...........26
Sending More than One Object per Command........26
Serial Port Test Program...........................................26
Title Bar ....................................................................27
Menu Bar ..................................................................27
File Menu ..............................................................27
Comm Menu..........................................................27
Module Menu ........................................................27
About Menu...........................................................27
Timer Functions........................................................27
Check Boxes.........................................................27
Refresh Timer .......................................................27
Refresh Counter....................................................27
Timer Start/Stop Button ........................................27
Get/Put Buttons ........................................................27
Address/Type/Value Windows..................................27
Address Window ...................................................27
Type Window ........................................................28
Value Window.......................................................28
Get MAC Address.....................................................28
Get/Set IP Address...................................................28
Get IP Button.........................................................28

Address/Status Window........................................28
Reset/Status Buttons................................................28
UDP Button...............................................................28
Serial Command Window.........................................28
SitePlayer Serial OCX for Visual Basic ....................28
Settings.....................................................................28
PortOpen ..................................................................28
CommPort.................................................................29
Init_Object ................................................................29
Status(ByRef b As Byte)...........................................29
ReadObject(ByVal address As Long, ByRef data As
Variant) .....................................................................29
WriteObject(ByVal address As Long, ByVal data As
Variant) .....................................................................29
ReadBit(ByVal address As Byte, ByRef data As Byte)
..................................................................................29
WriteBit(ByVal address As Byte, ByRef data As Byte)
..................................................................................29
ToggleBit(ByVal address As Byte) ...........................29
BaudSet(ByVal baud As Long, ByVal delay As Long)
..................................................................................30
Regenerate...............................................................30
Reset ........................................................................30
IP_to_Long(ByVal IPaddress As String) As Long ....30
Long_to_IP(ByVal l As Long) As String....................30
6) UDP Send and Receive............................. 30
UDPsend (serial command) ......................................30
Sending a UDP broadcast message ........................31
Sending UDP message to a specific computer within
the local network.......................................................31
Sending UDP message to specific computer outside
local network.............................................................31
UDPsend object 0FF1Eh............................................31
UDP receive function .................................................31
UDP receive packet example: ..................................32
UDPsendtest Program...............................................32
IP address to receive:...............................................33
Port# .........................................................................33
Initialize UDP button.................................................33
UDP Message Window.............................................33
A) Memory Map / Serial Commands ............ 33
SitePlayer Object Memory Map ............................33
SitePlayer UDPsend Memory Map .......................33
SitePlayer UDP Receive Structure .......................33
SitePlayer Special Functions Memory Map..........34
SitePlayer Serial Commands................................35

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Abreviaturas utilizadas......................................................................................V
Cómo usar este manual.....................................................................................VII
Prefacio..........................................................................................................1
Sobre BIREME.................................................................................................1
La Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS)......................................................................2
Instalación simple de APACHE 1.3.xx en ambientes Windows........................................4
Acerca de este capítulo.....................................................................................4
Obtención del software.....................................................................................4
Instalación de APACHE......................................................................................5
Configuración de APACHE...................................................................................5
Dónde conseguir ayuda......................................................................................6
Instalación simple de PHP 4.4.x en ambientes Windows..............................................7
Acerca de este capítulo.....................................................................................7
Obtención del software.....................................................................................7
Instalación de PHP...........................................................................................8
Configuración de PHP........................................................................................9
Apache con PHP..............................................................................................9
PHP como módulo de APACHE........................................................................10
PHP en modo CGI........................................................................................10
Comprobando la instalación...........................................................................10
Dónde conseguir ayuda....................................................................................12
Instalación simple de APACHE 2.2.x en ambiente Windows........................................13
Obtención del software...................................................................................13
Instalación de APACHE....................................................................................13
Instalación simple de PHP 5.3.x en ambiente Windows.............................................15
Sobre este capítulo........................................................................................15
Obtención del software...................................................................................15
Instalación de PHP.........................................................................................16
Configuración de PHP......................................................................................16
Apache con PHP............................................................................................16

PHP como módulo de APACHE............................................................................17
Verificación de la instalación............................................................................18
Configuración de Apache 1.3.xx, PHP 4.4.x, Sablotron y Expat en ambientes Linux.........19
Acerca de este capítulo...................................................................................19
Ejemplo de versiones probadas..........................................................................20
Desempaquetando en el área estándar de código fuente...........................................20
Configurando e instalando el Expat.....................................................................20
Actualizando los caminos para las librerías............................................................21
Comandos para mantener compatibilidad con versiones anteriores de Red Hat.............21
Configurando e instalando el Sablotron................................................................21
Actualizando los caminos para las librerías............................................................21
Configurando e instalando el Apache...................................................................22
Empezando el servício de Apache....................................................................22
Probando la configuración..........................................................................22
Empezando el servício...............................................................................22
Verificando el status de la instalación..............................................................22
Configurando e instalando el PHP.......................................................................23
Configurando la variable LDFLAGS...................................................................23
Empezando la configuración del PHP................................................................24
Editando el archivo httpd.conf.......................................................................24
Editando el archivo de configuración del PHP.....................................................24
Empezando nuevamente el servicio de Apache....................................................25
Configuración de Apache 2.2.xx y PHP 5.3.x en ambientes Linux................................26
Acerca de este capítulo...................................................................................26
Ejemplo de versiones probadas..........................................................................27
Desempaquetando en el área estándar de código fuente...........................................27
Configurando e instalando el Apache...................................................................27
Empezando el servício de Apache....................................................................27
Probando la configuración..........................................................................27
Empezando el servício...............................................................................28
Verificando el status de la instalación..............................................................28
Configurando e instalando el PHP.......................................................................28
Empezando la configuración del PHP................................................................29
Editando el archivo httpd.conf.......................................................................29
Editando el archivo de configuración del PHP.....................................................30
Empezando nuevamente el servicio de Apache....................................................30
Comprobando la instalación...........................................................................30
Citas bibliográficas...........................................................................................32
Glosario.........................................................................................................33