Introduction
Toward greater focus and coherence
Mathematics experiences in early childhood settings should concentrate on
(1) number (which includes whole number, operations, and relations) and (2)
geometry, spatial relations, and measurement, with more mathematics learning
time devoted to number than to other topics. Mathematical process goals
should be integrated in these content areas.
— Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood, National Research Council, 2009
The composite standards [of Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore] have a number
of features that can inform an international benchmarking process for the
development of K–6 mathematics standards in the U.S. First, the composite
standards concentrate the early learning of mathematics on the number,
measurement, and geometry strands with less emphasis on data analysis and
little exposure to algebra. The Hong Kong standards for grades 1–3 devote
approximately half the targeted time to numbers and almost all the time
remaining to geometry and measurement.
— Ginsburg, Leinwand and Decker, 2009
Because the mathematics concepts in [U.S.] textbooks are often weak, the
presentation becomes more mechanical than is ideal. We looked at both
traditional and non-traditional textbooks used in the US and found this
conceptual weakness in both.
— Ginsburg et al., 2005
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Standards for mathematical Practice 6
Standards for mathematical Content
Kindergarten 9
Grade 1 13
Grade 2 17
Grade 3 21
Grade 4 27
Grade 5 33
Grade 6 39
Grade 7 46
Grade 8 52
High School — Introduction
High School — Number and Quantity 58
High School — Algebra 62
High School — Functions 67
High School — Modeling 72
High School — Geometry 74
High School — Statistics and Probability 79
Glossary 85
Sample of Works Consulted 91
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